‏إظهار الرسائل ذات التسميات Iran. إظهار كافة الرسائل
‏إظهار الرسائل ذات التسميات Iran. إظهار كافة الرسائل

2024-06-08

Israel Y La Guerra Global Contra Siria: Cambios Geopoliticos


Por Dr. Salam Al Rabadi

 Centro de Estudios Internacionales para el Desarrollo(CEID),la Sociedad Argentina de Estudios Estratégicos y Globales (SAEGG), Argentina.. 

ISSN 2422-667X


Los resultados de la guerra global contra Siria constituyeron una amenaza real para Israel, contrariamente a lo que había planeado. Con la victoria de Siria y sus aliados en esa guerra, se produjeron cambios geopolíticos que amenazaron el equilibrio de poder que anteriormente había tendido a favor de Israel. El objetivo de esa guerra global era y sigue siendo paralizar la capacidad de Siria y sacarla del círculo de conflicto regional y global sobre el eje de resistencia y su papel futuro en la confrontación con Israel.

    

     A Israel le interesa desmantelar a Siria. La continuación de esta guerra significa que Siria ya no representa ninguna amenaza estratégica para Israel, especialmente en términos de la incapacidad de las instituciones militares para desarrollar sus capacidades integrales y el impulso hacia un mayor vacío político y el debilitamiento del Estado sirio. En consecuencia, esto conduce a un aumento de las posibilidades de que Siria haga concesiones fundamentales y estratégicas al nivel del conflicto árabe-israelí  .

      

     Sin embargo, parece que esta guerra tuvo resultados y repercusiones adversas y algo peligrosas en la seguridad nacional israelí, al contrario de lo que se esperaba. Siria y el eje de la resistencia pudieron salir de esa guerra algo victoriosos a nivel estratégico al preservar el actual sistema de gobierno e impedir la división de Siria, además de adquirir una feroz experiencia de combate como resultado de la lucha contra los movimientos terroristas, también abrió un camino Nuevo frente de batalla en el sur de Siria contra Israel, donde el ejército iraní tiene ahora presencia directa en la frontera con Israe.

      

     Por lo tanto, con base en las repercusiones y resultados de esta guerra global contra Siria, hay preguntas o problemáticas fundamentales que deben plantearse, y son las siguientes:

 

· ¿Cómo podemos abordar los cambios geopolíticos resultantes de la victoria del eje de la resistencia en la guerra global contra Siria?

· ¿Cuáles son las implicaciones de los logros militares alcanzados por Irán, Siria y Hezbollah en sus guerras contra los movimientos terroristas en futuros enfrentamientos integrales y directos con Israel?

· ¿Son las instituciones políticas y de seguridad israelíes capaces de afrontar los desafíos cruciales que se avecinan?

2024-06-04

Israeli Intervention in the Syrian War: Opportunities and Challenges

 


By Dr. Salam Al Rabadi

The Galician Institute of International Analysis and Documentation (IGADI),Spain.

      Perhaps it does not require much effort to demonstrate the extent of Israel's involvement and active participation in the global war launched against Syria since 2011, which represented a real opportunity to settle scores with the resistance axis, which has become a real deterrent to their influence[1]. Consequently, Israel has been an important partner in the war from the beginning, starting with plans to rely on the Muslim Brotherhood movement, in addition to the understanding with some Gulf states and Turkey to bet on the ISIS movement and the Al Nusra Front, or a direct and explicit intervention by launching air or missile attacks on Syrian territory. The most important of these was the Israeli attack on the Iranian consulate in Damascus in April 2024. 

        This way of thinking, which considers the use of force in all its forms as the only way to maintain Israeli superiority in the region, reflects the mental security structure of the vision that the Jewish State has of itself and its neighborhood. As a result, Israel launched numerous airstrikes against the positions of the Syrian army and Hezbollah, with the aim of strengthening and supporting the terrorist movement's fighters to ensure their control over the largest area of ​​Syrian territory. Despite Israel attempt to give the impression that there is no connection with all the events of the war in Syria, Israel public contributions on the ground were enough to confirm the depth of involvement in the war. With the development of events and the defeat of the terrorist movements, Israel intervened directly in the war, in order to achieve the following objectives:

      1. Refusal to recognize the victory of the resistance axis in the war.

2. Support terrorist movements and make them feel that Israel does not abandon its allies.

3. Prevent the advance of the Syrian Arab Army on the southern front bordering its borders.

4. Prevent the transfer of weapons to Hezbollah in Lebanon.

5. Prevent the establishment of camps for the Iranian Revolutionary Guard in Syria.

6. Ensure that there is no direct friction between the resistance axis and the Israeli army in the Golan region.

      In fact, there is a lot of evidence that confirms the clear Israeli intervention in the war as its training and logistical contribution was developed into direct participation, including the leadership of field operations, but not limited to:

-    Medical support for terrorist fighters inside Israel.

-    Direct intervention and coordination with terrorist groups: especially in Daraa - Quneitra - Golan.

-    Field intervention in battles (Israeli officers were responsible for terrorist camps). Some of them were eliminated during Syrian airstrikes against those camps.

     To sum, the goal of the Israeli intervention in the global war in Syria was to try to limit the role and influence of the resistance axis. If this intervention had been successful, it would have had very important strategic opportunities and geopolitical repercussions for Israel. Since could achieve the following: 

1. Disrupt Syria's development of its military and technological capabilities: which are based on confronting Israel and finding a strategic balance with it.

2. Divide and fragment Syria: involving the state and the army in internal political and military confrontations to weaken and fragment them.

3. Destruction of Syrian unconventional weapons: the withdrawal of Syrian chemical weapons during the war in 2014, in accordance with United Nations Resolution 2118.

4. Limit arms transfers to Lebanese Hezbollah: This is achieved by attacking supply lines and transferring weapons from Syria to Hezbollah in Lebanon without entering into a comprehensive war with them.

5. Limit Iranian influence: This is achieved by destabilizing Syria and increasing the intensity of the sectarian and nationalist confrontation between Shiite Persian Iran and Sunni Arab countries.  

      Although Israel was able to gain benefits from the global war against Syria, with all that, there are also serious geopolitical changes and future threats as a result of the strategic victory of the resistance axis in that war in cooperation with Russia. The nature of the challenges it faces has become very different, requiring creating radical modifications to the structure and concept of Israeli national security. The most important of these threats and changes are: 

-    The resistance axis now has offensive military capabilities that can reach Israeli depth.

-    The Syrian army and Hezbollah now have tremendous military experience as a result of the guerrilla war with terrorist movements.

-   The Axis of Resistance will develop its military strategy based on attacking Israel's air and maritime superiority in any future confrontation. 

     In light of the above, and as a result of the victories achieved by the Syrian army and the resistance movements, it must be recognized that the new political and military realities resulting from the global war against Syria confirm the existence of a clearly defined strategic vision by the resistance axis to confront the Israeli plans.

         Therefore, the attack by the Palestinian movement Hamas on October 6, 2023 and the direct Iranian military attack on Israel (in April 2024) through hundreds of marches and missiles as a reaction and self-defense after its consulate in Damascus being subjected to Israeli bombing, can be considered just a simple example that reflects the extent of radical military geopolitical changes in the balance of power, which will be just a point in the ocean of a future comprehensive confrontation on all fronts between Israel and the axis of resistance.


       [1] The resistance axis: is a political term used primarily in the Middle East and means the implicit strategic alliance (political and military) that primarily opposes the Israeli occupation of Palestine. This axis includes: Iran, Syria, Hezbollah in Lebanon, Hamas and Islamic Jihad in Palestine, as well as the Popular Mobilization Forces in Iraq, also the Houthi Ansar Allah movement in Yemen.


2023-10-25

The Axis Of Resistance And The Problematics Of Israeli National Security

 


By Dr. Salam Al Rabadi

      In principle, wars complement politics, but in Israel wars absolutely remain the norm and politics are the anomalies. The source of the contradictions remains Israel's fundamental and radical alienation from the Arab environment upon which it was imposed. It cannot maintain its security except by accumulating means of force, which deepens its alienation and enhances the impossibility of accepting it. In practice, this reality is unsustainable, neither by trying to increase power nor by further alliances (public and secret), including the signing of futile peace agreements.

      The path of Arab-Israeli negotiation  and peace process (since the Camp David Agreement in 1978, through the Madrid Peace Conference in 1991, The Oslo Accords 1993, the Wadi Araba Treaty in 1994, and the so-called Abrahamic Accords with some Gulf states in 2020) has proven its failure and its comprehensive inability to deter Israel and change its security behavior.

       Where, the policy of accommodation, security alliances, and maximizing economic cooperation did not lead to any significant result in terms of changing Israel’s hostile positions. On the contrary, it has increased its rigidity and obstinacy. The occupying state has been and still is dealing with its security problems through a strategy based on the usual no’s that reflect its security constants, the most important of which are:

1.    No to complete withdrawal to the 1967 borders.

2.    No to a Palestinian state with full independence.

3.    No to stopping settlement operations and dismantling settlements.

4.    No to the return of Palestinian refugees.

5.    No to any Arab or regional country having a nuclear program.

6.    No to any imbalance in the balance of military power. 

       Accordingly, military superiority remains the main element upon which the occupying state relies in order to maintain its existence. Its uniqueness in this field remains the true pillar of its protection even in the event of peace being achieved. The Israeli national security theory will always remain based on the principle that the occupying entity is based on a geographically limited area.

       Therefore, as long as there is vulnerability at the level of strategic depth, it is necessary to rely on a striking deterrent force that preserves Israel’s continuity. However, as a result of the strategic victories of the resistance axis in the July 2006 war, through the Gaza wars (2008-2021) and the global war on Syria (2011-2019), there have become radical changes that entail threats that will have very serious repercussions on the level of the fate and existence of the Israeli occupying state.

       In this context, the victories of the Palestinian resistance in Gaza in October 2023 were an extension of this upward trend in terms of restoring the strategic balance between the axis of resistance and the occupying state. Which suffered several severe defeats that brought it to the stage of absolute helplessness. This new reality is inseparable from the process of victories since the July 2006 war and its aftermath, which resulted in many geopolitical developments related to the growing strength of the resistance axis, including:

·         Gaining unconventional combat experience: This axis has become capable in the future of fighting multi-level battles that require massive logistical coordination.

·         Changing the military concept based on attrition and defense and replacing it with a preventive offensive strategy: based on the principle of penetrating into the occupied territories and launching raids with thousands of missiles at the same moment from several different fronts. Thus radically changing the equation of mutual deterrence with Israel.  

       This is what was actually experienced in a small way on the ground in the Gaza War in 2021, where the axis of resistance, through the Islamic Jihad movement and the Hamas movement, was able to adopt this strategy, which proved its effectiveness. The Israeli military capabilities were unable to confront and intercept hundreds of rockets that were launched from Gaza at the same time and from different locations. Therefore, these challenges raise real question marks, which revolve around the following question:

Is the Israeli occupation state capable of facing all these challenges in any future war?

       It is logical to say that the nature of the challenges facing the occupying state at the level of the structure and concept of its national security has changed in a dramatic and fundamental way, and among those challenges are:

1-    The axis of resistance now has huge armed capabilities that can cover the entire territory of the State of Israel.

2-    The Syrian army and Hezbollah have offensive military experience as a result of the guerrilla war with terrorist movements supported by the West and Israel.

3-    The Axis of Resistance developed its military strategy based on striking Israel’s air and sea superiority.

       Here, it must be recognized that the victories of the resistance axis over Israel in the wars in Lebanon, Gaza, and Syria have come to represent a strategic turning point and a real challenge to Israel in terms of its deterrent power and the work of its intelligence services. It is currently suffering from the loss of its most important elements of deterrence. Therefore, any new military confrontation will be complex and will reach every area of ​​Israel's entire area (from the river to the sea).

        It seems that the occupying state was never as threatened as it is today, as a result of the development and maturity of the experiences of the resistance axis, which has proven that it now possesses a military and political vision with a logical and rational approach( at the level of thought and practice). We can say that Israel's losing wars and its inability to achieve any of its goals in Syria, Gaza or Lebanon are conclusive evidence of the superiority of the resistance axis at all levels.

             In this context, it can be emphasized that the future possibility is inevitably the option of war and comprehensive confrontation. Which will not be (as was previously the case) a conventional war that takes place only on Arab lands and is decided by Israeli military superiority.

             On the contrary, this time it will be a war in which the occupying state does not have the initiative. Perhaps the occupying state can start that war, but what is more important is how it manages and ends it. It certainly will not be able to resolve it at all, but more than that, it is likely that this war will inevitably reach every street within Israel itself.

        In principle, according to the pattern of development of the strategy of the axis of resistance, it is possible to emphasize the possibility and ability of the axis of resistance to launch a comprehensive attack on Israel (and not just adopt a defensive policy), whether through a barrage of drones and missiles from all fronts (Iran, Iraq, Yemen, Lebanon, Syria, Gaza), which will be accompanied by an attack electronic, such that the “Iron Dome” defense system is unable to fully confront such a large-scale attack capable of striking and disrupting air and naval bases, army centers, and infrastructure throughout Israel.

       Not to mention that this coincided with the possibility of launching a large-scale ground attack across all borders within the occupied Palestinian territories. For example, according to reports and studies issued by Israeli research centers and military institutions, Hezbollah in particular has huge military capabilities that enable it to occupy the Galilee region in northern Israel, with dire consequences for the Israeli entity.

             Therefore, if the equation that is linked to the resistance’s enormous missile capabilities that were activated in the July 2006 war (Haifa and after Haifa) is approached, and if the equation of drones and naval capabilities (Karish and after Karish) is added, then it is logical that the upcoming future approach will be, at least in accordance with For the equation: Hezbollah’s complete control over the Galilee region and beyond the Galilee within the Israeli entity itself!!


2023-02-19

Iranian Strategic Patience: Israel and the Soft Wars

 


Dr. Salam Al Rabadi

Unfortunately, by tracking the pattern of strategies of many countries based on exaggerated interest in human rights, women's and democracy issues in Iran (such as the case of the death of the Iranian girl Mahsa Amini), it is no longer possible to ignore the extent of the political, security and cultural exploitation that is taking place. This pattern was adopted previously in Syria, which led to its entry into the quagmire of war since 2011. Therefore, based on the presence of Iran in the same political direction, the same pattern was followed, as the issue is linked primarily to confronting Iran's rising power.

In principle, there is a strategy that has become clear and known,  it is based on cultural backgrounds whose main goal is to fragment societies from within (soft wars). As many countries (Israel in particular) cannot accept at all the reality of Iran's presence as a major regional power. Where, despite all the sanctions policies pursued to isolate and marginalize Iran during the past 45 years, Iran was able to build its own strength and consolidate its regional influence.

Consequently, those countries that are hostile to Iran have no choice but to move towards exploiting some controversial issues within Iranian society related to human rights, women and democracy, in order to destabilize and weaken it. Accordingly, these countries moved towards the option of soft war through:

  • Cultural penetration within Iranian society to tear apart its political structure.
  •  Supporting terrorist movements, including trying to reproduce a new ISIS.

In this context, there is a lot of evidence confirming these external interventions aimed at plunging Iran into internal conflicts and wars, including but not limited to:

  1. Seizing arms shipments coming from abroad, which coincided with the internal riots.
  2. Dismantling terrorist cells that were planning to assassinate figures of Arab origin and carry out terrorist operations in religious places in order to ignite a civil war.
  3. Arresting terrorist groups linked to foreign intelligence working to smuggle weapons.

Based on these facts, it seems that the main goal is to destroy the societal structure, exaggerate political polarization, and undermine security stability. So that Iran becomes more fragile and subject to division. Practically, the Iranian Republic is facing a hybrid war, whose political goal is based on confronting Iranian influence, where this influence is  based on:

-          Sticking to the nuclear program.

-          Supporting the resistance movements in their confrontation with the Israeli occupation of Palestine.

-          Being present in Syria and assisting the Syrian army in its war against terrorist movements.

-          Supporting the Houthis in Yemen permanently.

-          Consolidate influence in Iraq at all levels.

-          Strategic rapprochement with both Russia and China.

Here, it must be recognized that the internal Iranian tensions are a winning card that the United States and Israel have tried to exploit to incite the Iranian people against the regime and clash with it. This new situation or challenge required the Iranian government to adopt a different vision on how to deal with such developments. Where the Iranian government and its security institutions followed a policy of restraint and not taking any provocative step that might lead to a clash. On the contrary, work has been done to:

1-       Absorbing the anger of the people and allowing demonstrations.

2-       Closely monitoring the security situation and controlling terrorist cells.

3-       Revealing to Iranian society the dirty policies of mobilization and media incitement.

4-       Evidence that many opposition movements are linked to the agenda of foreign countries.

5-       Linking the internal events with the pattern based on the implementation of the Syrian model in Iran.

In this context, and regardless of the extent of the Iranian government's ability to confront these soft wars, there are very serious political, cultural and internal security challenges that can no longer be ignored, and they require a reconsideration of many policies that were thought to have become axiomatic, including:

-          It is no longer possible to pursue a policy that is based on holding Iranian governments accountable and neutralizing the Supreme Leader of the Revolution or the institution of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist(Guardianship of the Faqih), from any responsibility.

-          The existence of radical changes linked to security threats, which are no longer confined to the Israeli threat, but have extended to include terrorist movements.

-          Increasing the complexities associated with foreign plans that seek to undermine the foundations of the Iranian state.

-          Internal crises appear to be the most dangerous, and may lead to making strategic concessions at the level of the nuclear file, the Palestinian cause, and the relationship with Syria and the resistance movements.

In sum, the exaggerated interest in human rights issues comes in the context of the pressures that Iran has been exposed to for decades, to achieve geopolitical goals. However, according to how Iran faced the previous challenges, it seems that it is able to overcome the current difficulties, as the pillars of the state are still solid at all levels.

Furthermore, Iran's ability to reassess its foreign relations should not be underestimated, based on the equation that Iran's security is linked to the security of the region. Iran has many options that enhance this equation. There are multidimensional entitlements linked to the Iranian reality, whether in terms of the nuclear program or an increase in the intensity of the collision with Israel or energy security. For example, it is no longer possible to always rely on Iran's continued restraint in Yemen, the resulting regional and global strategic repercussions, at least on the level of global energy security balances.

Not to mention that if Iran's strategic patience runs out, it is not at all unlikely that Iran will directly target Israeli interests. Perhaps at some point the confrontation may be direct within occupied Palestine itself. As Iran is fully aware that all attempts to destabilize it cannot be separated at all from the reactions of Israel, which faces an existential danger after losing all its wars with the axis of resistance that is fully and unlimitedly supported by the Iranian Republic.





2015-04-01

Iran and Strategic Interaction with Crises







Salam al Rabadi \ researcher and author in international relations


Iran can be regarded as a model of strategic planning whether it :  in the internal planning level or in the nature of external strategic options for crisis management and response. It is clear that Iran adopts a vision based on the construction in various fields.And this is what Iran is trying to do in order to create the objective conditions to achieve. In this context we can study the reality of strategic interaction for Iranian leadership with crises and how to manage through several aspects:

1- The military side: Iranian military strategic planning is based on: manufacturing what need the Iranian armed forces by relying on its own capabilities. Where it was producing a new type of anti-aircraft manufactured locally, capable of firing 1,100 shells per minute.Now iran has become one of the four countries which are capable of making this new weapon. As well as iran has tested the third generation of Iranian-made planes experimentally.And come to the progress in the field of combat aircraft industry.For example:"Azarakhsh" and "Thunderbolt" high-tech aircraft. The Iranian air force is planning and working on fighter aircraft development in iran without the help of foreign expertise. As is the manufacture of radars can detect enemy aircraft overflight of any kind. These radars are characterized by the presence of highly advanced technology made by Iranian specialized cadres. And the Iranian army has a very distinct capabilities in the field of electronic warfare and possession of a comprehensive and massive defensive and offensive capabilities. Especially at the level of production of various types of missiles: medium and long-range.

2- Scientific side: Iran has achieved its strategic objective to have an active presence in the field of scientific research: based on self-Iranian capabilities. Where it occupies Iranian scientists and researchers prominent place in the publication and dissemination of scientific articles. And Iran is now among the first 45 countries in terms of the quality of teaching math and science. Iran is also one of the leading countries in stem cell research. And it is one of the few countries which sent a satellite into space. In the framework of the strategic conception to catch up with the progress and development and planning towards a more advanced future Iran made a big step on the path to excellence in the field of astronomy and space and nanotechnology. So are planning to jump to the center 15 in the world rankings at the end of the year 2016. And access to nanotechnology volume of exports, to $ 20 billion annually if Iran was able to possession of only 1% of the global market share. It seems that the Iranian government is planning to be a regional center in the fields of medicine space and nuclear energy. It is worth mentioning the role played by the religious establishment to encourage scientific research and the creation of appropriate climates scientific development.Where the issue fatwas of the highest religious authorities of the legalization of cloning an animal for the purposes of scientific research procedure thereby encouraging Iranian scientists to conduct more research and studies on heredity and reproduction.

3- The economic side: Despite years of commercial and financial embargo imposed by the West and the nature of Iran's nearly closed economy. But these facts have helped to protect Iran's industrial base from foreign competition. Today Iran is making most of the industrial and consumer needs and most important of these industries: automotive and pharmaceutical industry. Iran has adopted in response to the US and international sanctions (Which are still going on even in different forms despite Positive breakthrough that now exists at this level) more conservative policy regarding the totalitarian economy. As a result, the failure of the penal system which was created to thwart Iran's economic plans. Where can not for these sanctions restrict Iran's foreign policy.

According to reports by the World Bank the social indicators in Iran are relatively high compared to regional standards ( This is despite the recognition of the existence cons in terms of how to approach the reality of poverty in Iran). The health levels have improved in the country which now occupies the advanced position in the health standards in the Middle East. And it has a large-scale social protection system for about 28 species of Insurance.Also according to the World Bank reports Iran's family planning program was considered in the past two decades from global best practices at this level.

4- The political side: I've managed Iran: the result of a long-term strategy from impose its control in all sensitive strategic axes: the international and regional level. In addition to Iran's military capabilities has become one of the key players in the region ( especially in the Iraqi file. Specifically, after the United States failed to control the security and political situation in Iraq ). Also, there is a strategic alliance with Syria and Iran of supporting resistance movements in Palestine and Lebanon. Iran has managed through the victory of the resistance in Lebanon and Gaza completely eliminate the idea or theory: The absolute superiority of Israel in the Middle East.





As a result of the support unlimited for the Syrian state in the face of constant aggression since the year 2011 it became impossible to deny Iran's the role in palestine, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Yemen and the Gulf when draw any settlement or any strategy for future the Middle East.

5- Iran's nuclear program and how to strategic planning: Iran knows to future planning level: That it can not continue to maintain regional and international status without ensuring the security and diversity of energy to secure knowledge and also the nuclear power for peaceful future generations. As is well known there are many methods of strategic interaction with crisis management and Iran is trying to through the application of strategic planning increase earnings and reduce losses to the maximum extent possible: 

A -  mastering how to take advantage of the crisis management and negotiation to achieve the goals you want to reach.

B - Iran gathered at once between: conflict and alliance and negotiation.

This is what is currently happening in the nature of the relationship between Iran and the US and the West. Which gives Iran: the ability to create a comprehensive conception of any negotiating process.

It is the lessons learned in how to strategic planning at the level of managing the negotiations with the international community and how to respond to crises may be mentioned the following:

1- The international status of the compressor is not inevitable for the waiver.
2-  strategic decisions: do not take into account only the accounts and strategic plans.
3- The political changes within Iranian society remain in within the scope of the strategic objectives.


Thus it can be concluded without reservation: that the human potential and economic, geopolitical and military capabilities available in Iran plays an important and active role in determining the fate and future of the entire Middle East . This regardless of the nature of the political struggle and the exchange of power within Iran. For example, with the presence of reformist President Dr.Mohammad Khatami for a period of eight years in power it did not change anything in the upper Strategy for Iran at the level of its nuclear program or in its relations strategy. This too what is happening now with the President Dr. Mohamed Rouhani.

History teaches us that the countries that use the principle of integration in strategic planning are the countries that succeed in the not to enter into deadlock. And the crisis between Iran and the West we can make use of them at the strategic planning level based on how to deal with crises and then how to manage conflicts.

It looks semantics Iranian experience very important in various fields in terms of real experience not only the direct sense of the term. But the strategic sense that reveals the dimensions and features of power in the current global conflict. Which provides us with practical and concrete odel on how to deal with different forms of contemporary conflicts and crises.




For communication and cooperation

يمكن التواصل والتعاون مع الباحث والمؤلف سلام الربضي عبر الايميل
jordani_alrabadi@hotmail.com