Tecnologias Digitais e Envelhecimento Activo: Uma Visão Estratégica Para a Região da Galiza - Norte de Portugal

 

Por Salam Al Rabadi. Este artigo foi produzido com o apoio do Programa IACOBUS, o Agrupamento Europeu de Cooperação Territorial – Galiza-Norte de Portugal (GNP-AECT).

     O envelhecimento e a tecnologia estão entre as transformações estratégicas mais significativas que estão a remodelar as sociedades europeias. Na Galiza e no norte de Portugal, onde as taxas de envelhecimento ultrapassam os 25% na Galiza e os 22% no Norte de Portugal, há uma necessidade urgente de adotar políticas integradas que liguem a inovação digital às necessidades das populações em envelhecimento.

A projeção é que o mercado global de tecnologia para idosos atinja aproximadamente 49 mil milhões de dólares até 2024 e duplique até 2034[1]. Por isso, a Região Galiza-Norte de Portugal é chamada a transformar o desafio do envelhecimento numa oportunidade de investimento económico e social sustentável. Isto levanta uma questão fundamental:

Como podem os serviços digitais transformar o futuro do envelhecimento ativo na Galiza-Norte de Portugal? É possível alcançar um equilíbrio sustentável entre as políticas de inovação tecnológica e as necessidades demográficas?

     É evidente que o envelhecimento da população na Galiza e no norte de Portugal exige estratégias inovadoras que vão para além das soluções tradicionais, exigindo uma profunda integração da tecnologia digital na vida dos idosos. Através de uma abordagem abrangente, a região pode tornar-se um modelo para enfrentar os desafios do envelhecimento na era tecnológica. A adoção de políticas claras para a utilização da tecnologia e das tecnologias digitais pode fazer uma diferença fundamental na construção de sociedades digitais sustentáveis ​​para os idosos em todos os setores.

     No setor da saúde, o compromisso com a inovação e a ampla utilização do conhecimento e das tecnologias digitais para atualizar os produtos e serviços, especialmente os relacionados com a saúde e o bem-estar, oferecem soluções inovadoras para o envelhecimento ativo. Estas tecnologias contribuem para o desenvolvimento de medidas que visam melhorar a saúde, a qualidade de vida e a capacidade de trabalho dos idosos, bem como facilitar o acesso à saúde.

     Por exemplo, promover a inovação em áreas como a nutrição, a movimento , a doença de Alzheimer e o declínio cognitivo (associado ao envelhecimento) pode melhorar significativamente a qualidade de vida dos idosos e dos seus cuidadores na região da Galiza-Norte de Portugal, permitindo-lhes alcançar uma maior independência dentro das suas possibilidades. Isto porque estas tecnologias e abordagens inovadoras irão, em última análise, gerar soluções práticas e personalizadas que vão ao encontro das necessidades de um envelhecimento saudável e ativo.

     Além disso, os benefícios da adoção destas estratégias estendem-se ao setor dos transportes e à melhoria do acesso aos serviços (públicos e privados). O fornecimento de tecnologias digitais e de mobilidade que facilitem o transporte e a mobilidade oferece aos idosos a oportunidade de manter relações sociais, adquirir competências, participar no trabalho e manter a aptidão física e a independência.

     Assim sendo, é natural que as políticas de apoio aos serviços técnicos e tecnológicos prestados aos idosos tenham um impacto positivo na concretização dos objetivos e prioridades da Região Galiza-Norte de Portugal, tornando-a mais coesa em benefício dos cidadãos, sobretudo no que diz respeito à resolução do problema da densidade populacional.

     Por exemplo, facilitar os serviços digitais e a comunicação a todos os níveis (incluindo a saúde) ajudará a evitar que muitos destes grupos abandonem as suas regiões, atenuando uma das principais fragilidades da Região Galiza-Norte de Portugal em termos da relação competitiva entre as zonas rurais e urbanas: a falta de serviços, sobretudo os relacionados com os idosos.

     Numa outra perspetiva, no âmbito social, a adoção destas estratégias contribuirá para responder às necessidades de um dos setores sociais mais vulneráveis ​​​​(os idosos) em termos de transformação digital e tecnológica, através da adoção de políticas focadas na literacia digital para os idosos.

     Isto apoiará e fortalecerá os direitos sociais capazes de reduzir a vulnerabilidade e a desigualdade, incluindo a redução da pobreza e o aumento das taxas de emprego para as pessoas com mais de 55 anos, além de permitir aos idosos ultrapassar o isolamento social e manter um contacto próximo com o seu meio envolvente (família, amigos e comunidade). Isto irá reduzir a probabilidade de exclusão social entre os idosos e contribuir para a construção de uma sociedade mais coesa e resiliente na região Galiza-Norte de Portugal.

     No domínio económico, é essencial ligar a economia digital ao envelhecimento ativo, uma vez que representa uma oportunidade real para responder às necessidades deste grupo demográfico com um poder de compra e de consumo significativo. Por conseguinte, as políticas tecnológicas adotadas na Região Galiza-Norte de Portugal devem integrar uma visão estratégica que vise maximizar as oportunidades de investimento oferecidas pelas soluções digitais e tecnológicas para a Economia Prateada (também conhecido como "Silver Economy")[2], estimada em cerca de 22 biliões de dólares anuais a nível global[3].

     Vale a pena referir que todas as previsões e indicadores confirmam que a integração dos idosos nas políticas tecnológicas será um factor decisivo e determinante para o aumento constante do PIB per capita na próxima década[4]. Por conseguinte, é essencial aproveitar as oportunidades oferecidas pela revolução digital para a população idosa, uma vez que a inovação e a integração digital se tornaram motores essenciais para o bem-estar económico e para a procura de soluções sustentáveis ​​​​para os desafios demográficos mais prementes na Região Galiza-Norte de Portugal.

     No domínio da cooperação e integração europeias, a adoção desta abordagem abrangente, que liga o envelhecimento às tecnologias digitais, ajudará inevitavelmente os governos locais da região Galiza-Norte de Portugal a obter apoio financeiro e técnico da União Europeia, que atribui a máxima importância a este setor vital, especialmente se esta abordagem estiver alinhada com as políticas de adoção de cidades inteligentes. Isto aumentará as sinergias com as estratégias da UE baseadas na maximização dos benefícios dos avanços na inteligência artificial[5].

     Face ao exposto, e como princípio, devemos reconhecer que estas estratégias não podem ser implementadas sem que todas as partes interessadas (líderes políticos, economistas, académicos e peritos técnicos) reconheçam a importância e a prioridade do seguinte:

-      Eliminar a ideia errada de que as gerações mais velhas não podem ou não querem utilizar as tecnologias digitais.

-      Adotar um ambiente digital inclusivo que ofereça aos idosos um acesso valioso a serviços públicos e privados.

-      Integrar plenamente os idosos na economia digital e promover a economia prateada (a economia do envelhecimento).

     Em consonância com estas prioridades, não podemos descurar a importância fundamental de garantir que esta visão adotada assenta na integração de uma perspetiva demográfica em todos os aspetos das políticas públicas, tanto em Espanha como em Portugal (especificamente, no que diz respeito à promoção do envelhecimento ativo na região da Galiza, no norte de Portugal).

     Em última análise, é necessário reconhecer a importância e a máxima prioridade do caminho interligado entre a adoção de tecnologias digitais, o envelhecimento ativo e a construção de uma economia digital e prateada atrativa. Isto requer, acima de tudo, uma mudança de paradigma na reflexão e no planeamento, para além das perspetivas tradicionais.

     Esta mudança de paradigma deve basear-se principalmente na adoção do princípio de fomentar diálogos influentes e inclusivos que envolvam governos centrais e locais, empresas transnacionais, ONG, startups nacionais e locais, universidades e centros de investigação, para partilhar conhecimento e adotar diretrizes sobre práticas que potenciem a capacidade da Região Galiza-Norte de Portugal para transformar os desafios associados às tecnologias digitais e ao envelhecimento em oportunidades com valor acrescentado sustentável. Neste contexto, é lógico e importante colocar a seguinte questão:

Até que ponto os governos nacionais e regionais são capazes e sérios na adoção de estratégias e políticas que permitam aos idosos da Galiza_Norte de Portugal, no norte de Portugal, integrar-se no mundo digital e garantir que beneficiam das oportunidades oferecidas pelas economias prateada e digital?

---

       [1].Ver: https://www.factmr.com/report/3123/senior-care-technologies-market  

       [2] Economia Prateada: é uma economia baseada na adoção de uma visão positiva sobre as alterações demográficas ao nível do envelhecimento elevado (o segmento com mais de 65 anos), que se centra no envelhecimento ativo e inclui todas as atividades relacionadas com o envelhecimento.

       [3].Ver: https://www.iadb.org/en/news/idb-and-partners-commit-developing-silver-economy  

       [4] O Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) per capita é:  um indicador económico que mede a riqueza de um país dividindo o seu PIB total pelo número de habitantes. Por outras palavras, representa a riqueza média ou o valor económico gerado por cada pessoa num país durante um determinado período, geralmente um ano.

       [5] Abordagem Europeia da inteligência artificial. Ver: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/pt/policies/european-approach-artificial-intelligence .

II Congreso Latinoamericano “INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL Y ECONOMÍA DIGITAL: Retos del Estado de Derecho ante la IA

 

International Relations And Problematics of Artificial Intelligence And Biotechnology Revolution

 

Dr. Salam Al Rabadi

       If the Russian-Ukrainian war was the most important event that dominated the year 2022, but perhaps the decisive role of relying on artificial intelligence weapons in this war will raise many future problematic related to the reality of international relations and the future of humanity. It goes without saying that artificial intelligence and the biotechnological revolution will have very serious radical political and ethical impacts in all economic, security, legal, cultural and environmental sectors, not to mention concerns about the ability to manipulate human nature.  These issues inevitably raise many strategic problematics at the international relations level, wich can be expressed by asking the following questions:

 1-  What are the ethical strategies that AI algorithms and the biotech revolution are supposed to stick to? How concerned is the possibility that the weapons of mathematics could be used to achieve dirty political ends? 

2-  To what extent can proactive laws be put in place that are capable of limiting and confronting these repercussions? Why this global slowdown in setting strict standards for controlling these developments? Does that future reality require the creation of a global moral constitution along the lines of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? 

3-  Is there a political vision at the level of international relations capable of approaching these strategic challenges?

 We must acknowledge the fact that the challenges of artificial intelligence and the biotechnological revolution, with their political, cultural, and security implications, are rarely studied strategically. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to reconsider this reality according to a critical approach based on an ethical, cultural, political and security vision, which can be framed based on the following problematic:

    1-         Problematic of cyber security and space wars.

2-          Problematic of algorithmic bias and societal security.

3-            Problematic of criteria for the concept of algorithmic justice and cultural dilemmas.

4-            Problematic of emotional computing and the automation of human nature.

5-            Problematic of technical solutions (modelling) for climate change.

6-            Problematic of geological wars and future climate engineering (climate weapons).

7-            Problematic of the ethical and political of biotechnology (Biotechnical Revolution).

8-            Problematic of governance, accountability and control related to technology.

9-            Problematic of the aura of objectivity that today's culture confers on algorithms and science. 

       According to those problematics international relations will face many dialectics related to how technologies change the reality of politics, society, and even human nature. So, in the future all political debates will focus on the problematic relationship between politics and science. It is the relationship that can be expressed through the following question: 

To what extent should societies be directed and controlled by artificial intelligence and the biotech revolution? And on what terms?

         In this context, despite the complexities that will face the problematic of the relationship between science and politics, but the dialectic of the impact of science on human nature will remain the most problematic issue. Accordingly, the question is: 

What if normal biological human evolution was no longer absolutely necessary? 

       Inevitably, there are many question marks regarding the fears and doubts surrounding developments of artificial intelligence,robots and biotechnologies. Where it seems that there is no longer anything biological link between these developments. So, one of the future issues that will arise in the field of humanities is the problematic of the nature of the human relationship with artificial intelligence and the possibility of its superiority over it, not to mention the many dialectics between humanities, biologists and neuroscientists. This reality will lead to several questions in international relations about technological determinism: 

1-       Are there new patterns of selection since robots and biological behaviors control the fate of humanity more than genes?

2-       How can these patterns be approached theoretically and practically at the political level?

3-       What are the cultural and ethical values that artificial intelligence and the biotechnical revolution are supposed to adhere to? Who will decide that? 

         Based on these future questions,  with scientific considerations intertwined with commercial interests, it became necessary on a political and moral level for states to intervene, as there are a number of unethical technologies that have been put under political scrutiny on a global level The experience of trying to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction or placing strict controls on human cloning experiments may be the best proof of the possibility of control.

         This requires adopting a modern vision that is concerned with establishing clear and unambiguous laws and treaties with regard to confronting these problematics, especially at the level of international criminal law. For example, the Statute of the International Criminal Court must be amended to suit these risks and challenges as a kind of proactive global security, so that the jurisdiction of the court is expanded to include future crimes that threaten the fate of humanity and related to the following issues: 

-      The biotech revolution.

-      Climate change.

-      Artificial intelligence and emotional computing.

      It is evident by tracing the context of the development of international relations and international criminal law at the theoretical and practical levels, that they do not keep pace with these new global patterns. So, with the existence of loose and vague political concepts, the need arises to adopt the principle of bearing criminal responsibility explicitly and deterrent in light of the provocative uncertainty associated with technology.  

         Therefore, there are real and realistic question marks and doubts about whether the natural biological development of humans is no longer necessary at all, as a result of the developments of artificial intelligence and the biotechnical revolution. Hence, the fact that the problematic of the issue of the contradiction between the futures of artificial intelligence and the biotechnical revolution with human nature will inevitably impose itself on the political and ethical arena. Here, the following problematics should be raised:

 

1-       Is there an urgent political need to know what are the natural biological conditions for human existence?

2-       Does the reality of technology problematic require research into the nature of politics or the politics of nature?

         In sum, in the coming few years, pattern of technological transformations related to Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Biotechnology, and the Internet of Things are likely to have a significant impact on the balance of power in global politics, which will increase the adoption of policies to nationalize technological innovations as strategic areas and an integral part of the biological, national, and cyber security of states. So, this pattern requires, at the level of international relations, to ask the following question:

 Do we have to know the culture and ideas of scientists in artificial intelligence and biomedicine, before studying political leaders, in order to understand the strategic reality of global politics, international relations and the future of humanity?

Problemática da Intelixencia Artifcial e a Biotecnolóxia na Política Global

 

Problemática da Intelixencia Artifcial e a Biotecnolóxia na Política Global. 

Por Dr. Salam Al Rabadi. 

IGADI ANNUAL REPORT 2022-2023. 

Instituto Gallego de Análisis y Documentación Internacional (IGADI), España.

Political Thought, Capital And The Concept Of Sustainable Work

 

By Dr. Salam Al Rabadi

         Global political, economic and technological changes raise many question marks about the problematic relationship between the world of work, sustainable development and capital. For example, the reality of the agricultural economy is dependent on investments in vast lands and technological innovations that are controlled by transnational corporations, that is, it is the process of gradual abolition of the agricultural production system, whereby the farmer loses his social, cultural and economic identity as a producer and as a worker, to turn into a mere consumer. This fact begs the following question: 

Will the development of the economy and technology lead to the realization of the societal sustainable development?

         In principle, the broad concept of work is not limited to the job, but rather goes beyond it to deepen the connection to the concept of sustainable work based on expanding job opportunities policies and preserving workers' rights and welfare. This is in order to have the ability to face the challenges associated with the dialectic of the gap between capital and workers, as doubts are increasing regarding the possibility of achieving equality and social justice. Based on this, it is no longer acceptable to deal with the reality of the labor market crises from the standpoint of rejection based on ideological considerations only, without having a practical vision. Where, nowadays, it is clear that what most worries the market forces is their having to define their position on a socially sustainable global project.

         In this context, there are labor and social movements that have an impact and work to confront the domination of the capitalist system and create a state of relative independence from the forces of capital. For example, the ongoing negotiations within the World Trade Organization(WTO) regarding granting workers of developing countries greater freedom of movement in the markets of developed countries can be considered a positive step in terms of:

1. Consolidate workers' rights and increase their earnings.
2. Rebalance between capital and the world of work. 

        Although no strategic alternative has been crystallized up to this moment that can compete with the pattern political and economic capitalist style, but we can say that the margin of movement available to society is always much wider than that available to the economy. The economic influence in the formation and adaptation of society is logical and highly effective, but it certainly cannot determine it. Thus, societies can be rebuilt according to a sustainable political and economic vision that, at a minimum, is capable of answering questions revolving around the dialectic of : 

Why are there so many ideas about how to distribute income and not about how to achieve it?

         In this context, even if we decided to bypass the dialectic of how to generate income and try to adopt the thesis of income distribution, we cannot ignore the problematic of modern inequality based on: 

1-     Expanding the size of private capital and disproportionately increasing the income of the rich. The gap between them and the working class is very deep and there is difficulty in bridging it.

2-       Systemic inequality "Homoploutia". Where we are now noticing the expansion of the segment of wealthy capitalists and high-wage workers (such as CEOs, financial analysts, doctors, athletes, celebrities, people who inherited a lot of assets...etc). It is a new capitalist elite which is among the richest capitalists and the richest workers as well. 

        Logically, these gaps are not likely to be easily reduced as a result of developments in artificial intelligence that lead to a reduction in labor and an increase in the accumulated share of capital. And if the only solution to these gaps  lies in a more equitable distribution of private capital by increasing tax rates or committing to raising the rate of employment of the labor force, but practically there is no tangible movement in this direction, whether in the developed or emerging economy. This fact raises question marks about: 

How is it politically possible to make the most of economic opportunities, progress and technology in a way that draws attention to the interest of disadvantaged communities and groups?

               The basic challenges lie in how to sift the rich and confront the gaps that characterize economies, here it is necessary to recognize that poverty will not be eradicated without the presence of political thought, as the nature of the market is strongly affected by political strategies, which can radically change the structure of markets in a way that can allow filling those gaps and achieving equality, not to mention enabling all classes to benefit from sustainable economic growth.

        In the light of the foregoing, it is clear that the dealing of economists and technocrats with issues of sustainable development on the basis that they have nothing to do with political ideas and the philosophy of governance, as if these issues are nothing more than exercises in applied and econometric economics, is a very dangerous matter.

It is time to change this logic and move towards combining and linking political thought and political philosophy with economic and financial thought. It is in order for countries to become more productive in terms of the quality of human sustainable societies rather than the development of things, numbers and data.

        In sum, and based on the principle of critical interaction with economic liberalism and technological development, the basic political problematic must be raised, which is based on the following question:

How can the actual existence of poverty and inequality be combated instead of hiding behind dry financial data and statistics pointing to the alleged benefits of economic growth and technological development?

 

 

 

 

 

International Relations And Problematic of Artificial Intelligence And Biotechnology Revolution

 

Dr. Salam Al Rabadi

       It goes without saying that artificial intelligence and the biotechnological revolution will have very serious radical political and ethical impacts in all economic, security, legal, cultural and environmental sectors. However, what is striking now is the academic neglect (to some extent) and the complete absence of political will (local or global), capable of adopting theoretical and practical approaches on how to deal with these fateful developments. In practice, algorithms have already begun to be relied on in many fields to the point of questioning whether there is still any importance to human existence, not to mention concerns about the ability of biotechnology to manipulate human nature. 

        These issues inevitably raise many strategic problematic at the political level, in addition to the ethical question marks they raise, which are related to the future of human nature itself. Especially with the complex challenges resulting from the overlap between: artificial intelligence, emotional computing, and the biotech revolution. 

These problematic and question marks can be expressed by asking the following questions: 

1-        What are the ethical and political strategies that AI algorithms and the biotech revolution are supposed to stick to? How concerned is the possibility that the weapons of mathematics could be used to achieve dirty political ends? 

2-       To what extent can proactive laws be put in place that are capable of limiting and confronting these repercussions? Why this global slowdown in setting strict standards for controlling these developments? Does that future reality require the creation of a global moral constitution along the lines of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? 

3-       Is there a moral, political and philosophical vision at the level of international relations capable of approaching these strategic challenges? 

We must acknowledge the fact that the challenges of artificial intelligence and the biotechnological revolution, with their political, cultural, and security implications, are rarely studied strategically. Unfortunately, the efforts made in this context are still very modest and regrettable, especially at the level of philosophical and political thought. Where, we cannot comprehend this approach that addresses these challenges as if it were a technical issue unrelated to political standards. Thus, a stereotypical and technocratic view alone cannot address the challenges of artificial intelligence and the biotech revolution.

Accordingly, there is an urgent need to reconsider this reality according to a critical approach based on an ethical, cultural, political and security vision, which can be framed based on the following problematics: 

1-            Problematic of cyber security and space wars.

2-             Problematic of algorithmic bias and societal security.

3-            Problematic of criteria for the concept of algorithmic justice and cultural dilemmas.

4-            Problematic of emotional computing and the automation of human nature.

5-            Problematic of technical solutions (modelling) for climate change.

6-            Problematic of geological wars and future climate engineering (climate weapons).

7-            Problematic of the ethical and political of biotechnology (Biotechnical Revolution).

8-            Problematic of governance, accountability and control related to technology.

9-            Problematic of the aura of objectivity that today's culture confers on algorithms and science. 

     For example, it has been widely believed that trusting Mathematically Models will remove human bias, but in practice algorithms replace humans and practice their own biases and are opaque about how they work, which is called "Algorithmic Bias", to the point of increasing focus on the use of the concept of algorithmic justice, on the basis of it being considered one of the most fundamental issues of our time that must be given top priority, to the point of calling for the destruction of the so-called weapons of mathematics. 

      It therefore appears that technologies associated with artificial intelligence, affective computing, and biobiology will relentlessly and fundamentally change the way politics is thought of. International relations will face the most important controversies regarding how technologies change the reality of politics, society, and even human nature. So, if the contemporary political debate related to the problematic of governance and influence revolves around the nature of the relationship between the state, markets and civil society, but in the future all political debates will focus on the problematic relationship between politics and science. It is the relationship that can be expressed through the following question: 

To what extent should societies be directed and controlled by artificial intelligence and the biotech revolution? And on what terms? 

     In this context, if the answer to every scientific question inevitably leads to new questions, there is usually something that needs to be explained outside the usual rules. Despite the complexities that will face the problematic of the relationship between science and politics, but the dialectic of the impact of science on human nature will remain the most problematic issue. Accordingly, the question may be asked: 

What if normal biological human evolution was no longer absolutely necessary?

      Inevitably, there are many question marks regarding the fears and doubts surrounding developments of artificial intelligence and biotechnologies. The development of robots and future nanotechnologies will result in systems that are more accurate and complex than those in nature, which will change human nature, in which it seems that there is no longer anything biological in it. Among those developments are, for example: 

1-       Nanobots for medical diagnostics.

2-       Biometric robots for emotions and behaviors.

3-       Robots that track the movements and behavior of individuals.

4-       Biosensing robots and intrusive computing.

5-       Molecular robots containing deadly chemical and biological compounds.

6-       Robots to modify DNA genes in humans and other living organisms...etc. 

     Accordingly, one of the future issues that will arise in the field of humanities is the problematic of the nature of the human relationship with artificial intelligence and the possibility of its superiority over it. Not to mention the many controversies between humanities, biologists and neuroscientists about whether there is a similar method for achieving cultural evolution through what can be called cultural inheritance between generations, as is the case for biological evolution. This reality will lead to several questions in international relations about technological determinism: 

1-       Should technologies be allowed to develop regardless of the potential consequences for societies and human nature?

2-       What are the cultural and ethical values ​​that artificial intelligence and the biotechnical revolution are supposed to adhere to? Who will decide that? 

     On the cultural front, it is clear that technological development has allowed humans to escape from natural stresses, as a result of transferring (or dispensing with) behaviors through the use of artificial intelligence, the biotechnical revolution and neuroscience. As this has increased the chances of escaping completely from natural selection, and this reveals to us the reality of the new pattern of human evolution, which is no longer biological. Based on this, the question can be asked: 

1-       Are there new patterns of selection since robots and biological behaviors control the fate of humanity more than genes?

2-       How can these patterns be approached theoretically and practically at the moral and political level? 

     Based on these future questions, it is necessary to rethink all these problematics in order to find a philosophical and political vision capable of confronting and controlling them. The future will be under the control of some technologies and those who control them, and their algorithms will solve vital questions of economics, politics, security, medicine and culture. Consequently, with scientific considerations intertwined with commercial interests, it became necessary on a political and moral level for states to intervene. It cannot be decided by scientific and technocratic institutions alone, but political institutions must have the power to assess and legalize the legality and limits of biotechnological discoveries and artificial intelligence inventions. 

     Accordingly, if there is a belief that the current and future scientific development cannot be controlled, and that no country can do so, because inventions and discoveries can be developed away from the control of countries or in countries that do not have legislative and cultural obstacles. But this pessimistic belief must be reconsidered, as there are a number of unethical technologies that have been put under political scrutiny on a global level, and the experience of trying to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction or placing strict controls on human cloning experiments may be the best proof of this. 

     Despite this optimism, there is a fact that must be taken into account, which is that intellectual, philosophical and political speculation about everything related to the problematic of the biotechnical revolution and the development of artificial intelligence, may be enough to question the pace of development of science. This requires adopting a modern vision that is concerned with establishing clear and unambiguous laws and treaties with regard to confronting these problematic, especially at the level of international criminal law. 

     For example, the Statute of the International Criminal Court must be amended to suit these risks and challenges as a kind of proactive global security, so that the jurisdiction of the court is expanded to include future crimes that threaten the fate of humanity and related to the following issues: 

-      The biotech revolution.

-      Climate change.

-      Artificial intelligence and emotional computing. 

     It is evident by tracing the context of the development of international relations and international criminal law at the theoretical and practical levels, that they do not keep pace with these new global patterns. The stage in which countries were trying to address these patterns by creating codes of conduct is no longer appropriate and sufficient. Moreover, the moral and philosophical essence of these problematic is more complex than the traditional solutions, especially in terms of contemplating the extent of their seriousness at the level of the essence of human nature itself. 

     So, with the existence of loose and vague political concepts, the need arises to adopt the principle of bearing criminal responsibility explicitly and deterrent, by adopting a global political and legal pattern that harnesses the power of technology to improve human life instead of changing or weakening and dispensing with its biological nature. There is an urgent need for a vision that emphasizes the importance of preserving the biological nature of humans in light of the provocative uncertainty associated with technology. 

In sum, logically it is extremely difficult and even impossible to refute a theory simply because it is unsuitable for testing. Also, if this reasoning may be true at the level of theories related to science and physical laws, but it is inevitably often highly unacceptable in the field of human sciences. Accordingly, there are real and realistic question marks and doubts about whether the natural biological development of humans is no longer necessary at all, as a result of the developments of artificial intelligence and the biotechnical revolution, as it seems that nothing purely biological will remain in human nature. 

     Therefore, it is necessary we have a deep awareness of how to adopt cultural and political approaches capable of dealing with these problematic. As the rulings in the field of political behavior and the associated cultural and intellectual standards are often vague and relative rather than clear and precise standards.

      Thus, regardless of the problem of cultural radicalism associated with the dialectic of science and politics, which sees that the relationship with science is not important at the level of how human nature is approached, the fact that the problematic of the issue of the contradiction between the futures of artificial intelligence and the biotechnical revolution with human nature will inevitably impose itself on the political and ethical arena.

 This intellectual and philosophical pattern requires, at the level of international relations, to ask the following questions: 

1-       Is there an urgent political need to know what are the natural biological conditions for human existence?

2-       Does the reality of technology problematic require research into the nature of politics or the politics of nature?

3-       Do we have to know the culture and ideas of artificial intelligence and biomedicine scientists, before studying political leaders, in order to understand the strategic reality of global politics, international relations and the future of humanity?